5. Stress

Tókhel Lakȟól’iya takúku eyápi na owápi kiŋ hená uŋspéič’ičhiya so
Learn how to pronounce Lakota sounds and how to write them.

5. Stress

Postby Jan » February 11th, 2009, 3:00 am

From New Lakota Dictionary (NLD) page 696 1st edn, page 750 2nd edn:

Stress is an important feature of Lakota sound system.
Stress is marked with acute accent diacritics above vowels: á, áŋ, é, í, íŋ, ó, ú, úŋ.
Stress often impacts the meaning of words. Consider the following pairs of words:

léna right here
lená these

kákhi in that direction
kakhí to take smth to sb back there

ówaŋžila together
owáŋžila at ease, quietly

wáphiyA to cause sb to be lucky
waphíyA to cure people


Such pairs of words distinguished only by their stress are not uncommon in Lakota. And since position of stress in a word is mostly unpredictable, it is important to consistently mark the stress on every word.
Stressed vowels have higher pitch and greater loudness than all other vowels in that word. Primary stress occurs on the first or second syllable of words. Second syllable stress is slightly more frequent. There is a very small number of words stressed on the third syllable.

In most cases there is only one stress in a word. Exceptions to this are compound words, which usually retain the stressed vowels of the originally independent words. In a compound word, therefore, there can be two or more stressed vowels. In such cases, the first stressed vowel has higher pitch and greater loudness than any subsequent stressed vowel. These two stress levels are referred to as primary and secondary stress. Examples of words with primary and secondary stress are mázaská money and šúŋkawakȟáŋ horse.
Lé Jan miyé yeló.
Blihíč’iyapi na Lakȟól’iyapi kiŋ čhaŋtét’iŋsya yutáŋyaŋkel uŋspéič’ičhiya po. Héčhel uŋglúkinipi kte ló.
Jan
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Stress - listening exercise

Postby Jan » February 11th, 2009, 8:02 am

Level 2 textbook, page 12
Listen to the audio and click one of the two options for marking stress on each word:



1: turkey buzzard



2: pelican



3: squirrel



4: badger



5: red-winged blackbird



6: four



7: hill



8: pudding



9: boat



10: grey



11: pine



12: butterfly



13: eyes



14: fan



15: drum stick



16: shirt



17: shoes



18: goose



19: black



20: blanket

Lé Jan miyé yeló.
Blihíč’iyapi na Lakȟól’iyapi kiŋ čhaŋtét’iŋsya yutáŋyaŋkel uŋspéič’ičhiya po. Héčhel uŋglúkinipi kte ló.
Jan
Activity level - ičíwikčemna yámni akéyamni
Activity level - ičíwikčemna yámni akéyamni
 
Posts: 5810
Joined: December 15th, 2008, 1:23 pm
Location: Lakȟól’iyapi kiŋ tȟamákȟočhe
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